SULFAMIC ACID

SULFAMIC ACID

Chemical Formula:                 HSO3NH2

CAS Number:                          5329-14-6

Molecular Weight:                   97.10

Equivalent Weight:                  97.10

Density at 25 ^oC:                                 2.126 g/cm³

Specific heat:                                      1.1467 J/g

Melting point:                                     205 ^oC

Decomposition Temperature:             209◦C

Vapor pressure:

20 ^oC                                                  0.8 Pa

100 ^oC                                               0.25 Pa

Sulfamic acid has a unique and important combination of properties. Sulfamic acid is a white or colorless, odorless, crystalline (sand like), nonhygroscopic, dry, strong inorganic acid. At room temperature it is non-volatile. Therefore it is conveniently handled and packaged in solid form in bags and is easily transported commercially. It is highly stable and can be stored for years without change in properties. Sulfamic Acid is monoamide of sulphuric acid.

Alternatively it is also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid (IUPAC recommended), aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid.

Pure Sulfamic Acid melts at 205 ^oC and starts decomposing at 209 ^oC. On decomposition Sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, water, ammonia, and nitrogen are evolved.

Aqueous Sulfamic Acid solutions are practically stable at room temperature but hydrolyze exothermically to ammonium hydrogen sulfate at high temeratures :

NH2SO3H+H2O → NH4HSO4

Rate of  hydrolysis increases with the increase of concentration and temperature and at lower pH.

Sulfamic Acid reacts with metals, alkali and alkaline earth metals and their oxides, hydroxides and carbonates and forms metal sulfamates. These metal sulfamates are, with but few exceptions, soluble in water. The sulfamates of lead, magnesium, and sodium are more soluble in water than the corresponding sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, and acetates. Therefore it is used in cleaning and descaling operations. Its corrosiveness towards metals can be controlled by adding corrosion inhibitors. Metal sulfamate solutions are stable at high temperatures and can be evaporated to dryness on a steam bath without hydrolysis of the amide group. Acidic metal oxides react with sulfamic acid less readily or not at all.

Nitrites react rapidly with sulfamic acid, liberating nitrogen and forming sulfuric acid. This reaction is utilized for the analytical determination of nitrites or of sulfamic acid even in the presence of nitrates.

Sulfamic Acid reacts with primary alcohols, glycols and glycerine upon heating and form corresponding esters.

Sulfamic acid is highly ionized in aqueous solution, and its pH range approaches that of nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids.

At low temperatures chlorine, bromine, and chlorates oxidize sulfamic acid to sulfuric acid. Potassium permanganate, chromic acid, and ferric chloride do not oxidize sulfamic acid.

Sulfamic acid reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form nitrous oxide:

NH₂SO₂OH + HNO₃ →  H₂SO₄+ H₂O+N₂O

This reaction is used as a convenient method for preparing pure nitrous oxide.

Sulfamic Acid is fairly soluble in water and nitrogenous solvents such as liquid ammonia formamide, slightly soluble in methanol, and insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and ether. Sulfamic acid is insoluble in organic oxygen-containing and most nonpolar organic solvents, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, toluene and sulfur dioxide. The solubility of sulfamic acid in water is decreased markedly by sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. Sulfamic acid is practically insoluble in 70-100% sulfuric acid. Its solubility in Fuming Sulfuric Acid     (21% SO₃) is 2.38 gram in 100 grams of acid.

Solubility of Sulfamic Acid in water:

Temperature oC	Solubility per 100 gram water	Temperature oC	Solubility per 100 gram water
0	14.68 grams	50	32.82 grams
10	18.56 grams	60	37.10 grams
20	21.32 grams	70	41.91 grams
30	26.09 grams	80	47.08 grams
40	29.49 grams

Solubility of Sulfamic Acid in Organic solvents at 25 ^oC per 100 grams of solvent:

Methanol                        4.3 gram

Ethanol                          1.7 gram

Acetone                          0.4 gram

Ether                              0.009 gram

Formamide                    20.0 gram

pH of Sulfamic Acid solutions in water at 25 ^oC are :

5%                        0.63

2.5%                     0.86

1%                        1.18

0.5%                     1.41

Upon brief contact with the skin sulfamic acid shows no noticeable effect but, as a normal safety precaution, it is recommended that prolonged exposures be avoided. Similarly, in two hundred human test cases, fabric treated with ammonium sulfamate produced no skin irritation.

In 1936 a practical process, which became the basis for commercial preparation was developed. In this production process, urea is first dissolved in excess cold sulfuric acid. Oleum of suitable sulfur trioxide strength is then added, and the reaction is allowed to proceed under controlled conditions. During the reaction carbon dioxide is evolved, and the sulfamic acid formed precipitates from the solution. The product is isolated by filtration and purified by recrystallization from water. This process involving urea with sulphur trioxide and sulphuric acid continues to be the main method for production of sulphamic acid today.

Tiles Cleaner

आजकल आवासीय व व्यवसायिक भवनों में पोर्सलेन टाइलों का प्रयोग बहुत हो रहा है। टाइलों से बने फर्श व दीवारें देखने में अत्यन्त सुन्दर व साफ सफाई करने में बड़े सरल व सुविधाजनक होते हैं। लेकिन स्नानगृह व शौचालय की टाइलें व पोर्सलेन का अन्य सामान खारे जल के दाग, साबुन के दाग, साबुन व खारे जल के मिश्रण से बनने वाले कैल्शियम के अघुलनशील साबुन के दाग व प्रोटीन के दागों से आच्छादित हो कर सारी सुन्दरता खो देते हैं। यदि इन अशुद्धियों को साफ न किया जाए तो इनमें कीटाणु पलने लगते हैं और स्वास्थ्य के लिये खतरा बनते हैं।

स्नानगृह व शौचालय की टाइलों पर जमें हुए ये दाग बड़ी मजबूती के साथ चिपके होते हैं, जिन्हें साफ सफाई के साधारण तरीक़ों से हटाना संभव नहीं होता। लोग इनकी सफाई के लिये प्रायः हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड को पानी में मिला कर प्रयोग करते हैं। हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड दीवारों पर टिकता नहीं और बह जाता है तथा उसमें से निकलने वाला धुँआ स्वास्थ्य के लिये अत्यन्त हानिकारक होता है। हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड त्वचा के सम्पर्क में आने पर जलन उत्पन्न करता है। यदि यह तेजाब या तेजाब मिला जल छिटक कर आँखों में पड़ जाये तो नेत्रज्योति तक समाप्त हो सकती है। हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड का धुँआ धातु से बने नल, झरने व खूंटियों आदि पर जमा हो कर उन्हें खराब कर देता है। टाइलों को जोड़ने वाले ग्राउटिंग मसाले प्राय सीमेंट के बने होते हैं जिन्हें हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड गला देता है, जिससे टाइलों के जोड़ों में दरारें पड़कर पानी रिसने लगता है।

इन्हीं सब समस्याओं को ध्यान में रखते हुए कोणार्क कैमी ने SANIKON टाइल्स व पोर्सलेन क्लीनर का निर्माण किया है। SANIKON एक उत्तम गुणवत्ता वाला लाल रंग का गाढ़ा तरल है। गाढ़ा होने के कारण यह दीवारों जैसी लम्बवत (vertical) सतहों पर बहता नहीं है और मोटे दागों को गलाने के लिये अधिक समय तक टिकने में सक्षम है। यह सभी प्रकार के ऊपर वर्णित दागों को भली-भाँति छुड़ा देता है तथा ग्राउट को कोई हानि नहीं पहुँचाता। SANIKON टाइल्स व पोर्सलेन क्लीनर में कोई धुँआ नहीं निकलता इसलिये स्वास्थ्य और धातु के सामान को भी कोई हानि नहीं पहुँचाता। SANIKON टाइल्स व पोर्सलेन क्लीनर से सफाई करने पर टाइल्स व पोर्सलेन का अन्य सामान अपनी स्वाभाविक चमक पुनः प्राप्त कर लेता है।

A well known problem to every householder is of cleaning soap scum and hard water spots, curd and greasy-type residues from bathroom surfaces, such as sinks, tubs, shower walls and floors, and ceramic tile walls and floors. Soap scum contains water insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps, which is produced by the reactions of hard water on soluble sodium soap. These soap scum and hard water spots cause dulling and streaking of tile and other hard surfaces, which are normally and desirably attractively lustrous and shiny. Such deposits are usually strongly adherent to the surfaces and are difficult to remove with the aid of conventional cleaning materials.

It is known that acids and acidic preparations help to remove soap scum from tiles, and usually hydrochloric acid is used to remove hard water and soap scum deposits. Synthetic detergents also have been used in tile cleaners and solvents have also been employed in them with unsatisfactory results. The acid cleaner are unable in effectively cleaning ceramic tiles and porcelain ware without damaging the grout between such tiles or adjacent to the porcelain. Such grout, which are usually Portland cement type, normally includes a major proportion of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate reacts with acid and therefore the use of acidic cleaners cause erosion of the grout so that after repeated uses it would become non-adherent and would crack and disintegrate, causing leakage, and eventually requiring replacement. In addition, acid cleaners containing these

strong mineral acids are dangerous to use, often producing fumes that cause choking or more complicated or serious respiratory problems. Further, contact with skin can result in irritation of the skin to, in some cases, severe. Fumes of hydrochloric acid also corrode and permanently damage metallic fixtures like faucets, shower heads, lightings, shelves, racks and hooks etc..

Considering all above mentioned problems Konark Chemie have formulated an excellent Tiles and Porcelain cleaner which is free from these drawbacks. SANIKON Tiles Cleaner is a very thick red colored  liquid cleaner which don’t run off when applied to vertical surfaces. It removes soap scum, hard water scales and curd and greasy-type residues and protein residues without damaging grout. SANIKON does not damage the natural brightness of tiles and porcelain surfaces. It does not fume and corrode any metal surface.